Most human pregnancies end in miscarriage, according to new research
Miscarriages happen a lot, but people don’t like to talk about it.
Well, a new paper says that they happen a lot more often than most of us know, even the women who are having them. More than half of successful fertilizations end in a miscarriage, according to the research.
William Richard Rice, an evolutionary geneticist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, wrote the research, which has not yet been reviewed by other scientists. For a meta-analysis, he used a lot of studies and health databases from the past.
Researchers have found that between 10 and 20%, or as many as 1 in 4 known pregnancies, end in a miscarriage, which is also called a “spontaneous abortion” in the medical field.
One study in Denmark that looked at 1,221,546 pregnancies from 1978 to 1992 found that 13.5% of them ended in miscarriage.
Obviously, this will depend on where you live and how well off you are, and the risk goes up sharply with age.
But there’s one very important thing to keep in mind: many women don’t even know they’re pregnant at first. And since most miscarriages happen in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, many women miscarry without even knowing it.
Rice says that most miscarriages are caused by things that aren’t known. He found that a woman in her 20s is just as likely to have a miscarriage as she is to have the baby.
And because the number of miscarriages goes up with age, his analysis shows that there are far more miscarriages than live births.
He told New Scientist, “It is not strange.” “It’s typical.”
This information isn’t just based on what is known about pregnancy statistics. IVF statistics can also teach us a lot.
In 2014, an IVF study found that out of 284 embryos from young women that were successfully karyotyped, 151 had problems with the number of chromosomes. This is a rate of 53.2%.
This kind of abnormality, called aneuploidy, is the most common reason for miscarriages, causing half of them, and the risk of it goes up as you get older.
Rice used this and other information to figure out that women in Denmark have an average of 1.7 live births and 2.1 miscarriages over the course of their lives, according to the study we just talked about. And this is a country where birth control and abortions up to 12 weeks can be done for free.
Mormon women in America in the 1800s, on the other hand, gave birth to an average of 8 live babies and 16.8 miscarriages.
This finding points to two things. First, Rice wrote in his paper that miscarriage is “the most common result of fertilization” and “a natural and unavoidable part of human reproduction at all ages.”
Second, having access to birth control can reduce the number of miscarriages a woman will have in her lifetime.
Even though the exact numbers are probably never going to be known for sure, it makes sense that birth control greatly reduces the chance of miscarriage because it greatly reduces the chance of getting pregnant in the first place.
So it’s not a big surprise that Rice’s numbers show the same thing.
“If a human female wants to have children, she can’t avoid a high risk of spontaneous abortions, and if she wants to have a big family, she can’t avoid having multiple spontaneous abortions,” he wrote in his paper.
“Modern birth control with access to abortions decreases, not increases, the number of abortions a woman has in her lifetime by a large amount.”